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Signature Albert Camus (; French: ( ); 7 November 1913 – 4 January 1960) was a French philosopher, author, and journalist. His views contributed to the rise of the philosophy known as. He wrote in his essay that his whole life was devoted to opposing the philosophy of while still delving deeply into individual freedom. He won the at the age of 43 in 1957, the second youngest recipient in history. Camus did not consider himself to be an despite usually being classified as a follower of it, even in his lifetime. In a 1945 interview, Camus rejected any ideological associations: 'No, I am not an existentialist.
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And I are always surprised to see our names linked.' Camus was born in to a family and studied at the, from which he graduated in 1936. In 1949, Camus founded the Group for International Liaisons to 'denounce two ideologies found in both the and the USA'. Albert Camus's gravestone The driver of the car, , who was Camus's publisher and close friend, died five days after the accident. In August 2011, the Milan newspaper reported a theory that the writer had been the victim of a Soviet plot, but Camus's biographer, , did not consider it credible. Camus was buried in the Lourmarin Cemetery, Vaucluse, France.
He was the second-youngest recipient, at the age of 44, of the Nobel Prize in Literature, after, at the age of 42. He was survived by his wife and twin son and daughter, Jean and Catherine, who hold the copyrights to his work. Two of Camus's works were published posthumously. The first, entitled (1970), featured a character named Patrice Mersault, comparable to 's Meursault. There is scholarly debate as to the relationship between the two books.
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The second was an unfinished novel, (1995), which Camus was writing before he died. The novel was an autobiographical work about his childhood in.
Literary career The first publication of Camus (co-written by Jeanne-Paule Sicard, Yves Bourgeois and Alfred Poignant, and edited by ) was Revolte dans les Asturies in May 1936. This concerned a revolt by Spanish miners brutally suppressed by the Spanish government. In May 1937 he wrote his first book L’Envers et l’Endroit – dedicated to and edited by Charlot. During the war Camus joined the cell, which published an underground newspaper of the same name.
This group worked against the Nazis, and in it Camus assumed the Beauchard. Camus became the paper's editor in 1943. He first met Sartre at the dress rehearsal of Sartre's play, in June 1943. When in August 1944, Camus witnessed and reported the last of the fighting. Soon after the event on 6 August 1945, he was one of the few French editors to publicly express opposition and disgust to the United States' dropping. He resigned from Combat in 1947 when it became a commercial paper. After the war, Camus began frequenting the on the in Paris with Sartre and others.
He also toured the United States to lecture about French thought. Although he leaned, politically, his strong criticisms of Communist doctrine did not win him any friends in the and eventually alienated Sartre. In 1949, his tuberculosis returned, whereupon he lived in seclusion for two years. In 1951, he published, a philosophical analysis of rebellion and revolution which expressed his rejection of communism.
Upsetting many of his colleagues and contemporaries in France, the book brought about the final split with Sartre. The dour reception depressed Camus; he began to translate plays. Camus's first significant contribution to philosophy was his. He saw it as the result of our desire for clarity and meaning within a world and condition that offers neither, which he expressed in and incorporated into many of his other works, such as and. Despite his split from his 'study partner', Sartre, Camus was still categorized as an. Download excel 2010. He specifically rejected that label in his essay 'Enigma' and elsewhere.
The current confusion arises, in part, because many recent applications of existentialism have much in common with many of Camus's practical ideas (see: Resistance, Rebellion, and Death). But, his personal understanding of the world (e.g., 'a benign indifference', in ), and every vision he had for its progress (e.g., vanquishing the 'adolescent furies' of history and society, in ) undoubtedly set him apart. In the 1950s, Camus devoted his efforts to. In 1952, he resigned from his work for when the UN accepted Spain as a member under the leadership of. In 1953, he criticized methods to crush a workers' strike in. In 1956, he protested against similar methods in Poland (protests in ) and the Soviet repression of the Hungarian revolution in October. Camus crowning Stockholm's on December 13, 1957, three days after accepting the Camus maintained his pacifism and resisted capital punishment anywhere in the world.
He wrote an essay against capital punishment in collaboration with, the writer, intellectual and founder of the League Against Capital Punishment. He was consistent in his call for non-aggression in Algeria (see below). From 1955 to 1956, Camus wrote for. In 1957, he was awarded the 'for his important literary production, which with clear-sighted earnestness illuminates the problems of the human conscience in our times'.
The bronze plaque on the monument to Camus in the town of, France. It reads: 'From the General Council of the Yonne Department, in homage to the writer Albert Camus whose remains lay in vigil at the Villeblevin town hall on the night of 4 to 5 January 1960.' Camus remained active and ambitious until the end of his life. Financed by the money he received with his Nobel Prize, he adapted and directed for the stage. The play opened in January 1959 at the Antoine Theatre in Paris.
It was a critical success as well as an artistic and technical tour de force: 33 actors, 4 hours long, 7 sets, 24 scenes. The walls could move sideways to reduce the size of each depicted location and the whole stage rotated to allow for immediate set transformations. Camus put the painter and set decorator, who had already illustrated several of Camus' novels ( - 1948 Ed.), in charge of the demanding task of designing these multiple and complex theater sets.
Albert Camus - eBooks in PDF format from eBooks-Library.com AUTHORS SEARCH TERM SEARCH BY CLASSIFICATION CATEGORY AUTHORS BY NATIONALITY CLASSIFICATIONS Albert Camus Author Code: FCAM Born: Nov. 7, 1913 - Drean, Algeria Died: Jan.
4, 1960 - Villeblevin, France Educated at the University of Algiers, Camus developed tuberculosis in 1930 which forced him to reduce his studies to part-time. He nevertheless persevered and received his BA in 1935 and followed with an MA in 1936.
He joined the French Communist Party in 1935 and then joined the Algerian People's Party which led to his expulsion by the communists. He would later become a fervent anarchist.
From 1937 to 1939, he worked as a journalist for the Alger-Republicain newspaper, and from 1939 to 1940 for the Soir-Republicain. In 1940, he began working for Paris-Soir magazine. Disillusioned by the German occupation, he moved to Bordeaux. There he published his first novel, The Stranger (1942), which was well-received. He joined the French Resistance and became editor of their journal Combat. He met and became good friends at this time, with Jean-Paul Sartre, but Camus' anti-communist stance eventually led to their split.
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From 1949 to 1950, Camus secluded himself because of a recurrence of his TB, but the following year he published The Rebel. Camus was active in human rights issues during the 1950's. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1957. Camus and his publisher, Michel Gallimand, were killed in an auto accident. Camus was only 46. His other works include Caligula (1938), The Myth of Sisyphus (1942), The Plague (1947), The State of Siege (1948), The Fall (1956), Reflection on the Guillotine (1957), Exile and the Kingdom (1957), The Possessed (1959) and A Happy Death (1971 Posthumous).
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